Outcomes of Russia’s foreign trade in 2025

In 2025, Russian exports fell to $418.3 bn (-3.7% compared to 2024) amid declining global oil prices. The share of fuel and energy products in Russian exports dropped to 53.9%. Other export groups demonstrated significant recovery growth, most noticeably in the export of machinery and equipment. Imports remained close to previous year and amounted to $279.0 bn (-1.4%), with a decline in the import of investment goods and an increase in the share of consumer goods.

China retained its position as Russia’s largest trading partner, accounting for approximately 27% of exports and 36% of imports. Shipments of oil, coal, distillates, and LNG to China declined, while pipeline gas and non-ferrous metals exports increased. The discount to Russian oil prices increased at the end of the year. Increased shipments of pharmaceuticals, medical devices and optical instruments from the EU and the US were also observed.